{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "e282e62f-3efb-498b-b156-778556b67e75",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What is the value of x, y and swap after each line"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "87caa323-f71c-49c8-800d-505f356fb579",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1.0\n",
    "y = 3.0\n",
    "swap = x\n",
    "x = y\n",
    "y = swap"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "21473fc6-1375-4129-9d99-3b364eb67c52",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Command # Value of x # Value of y # Value of swap\n",
    "x = 1.0   # 1.0        # not define # not define\n",
    "y = 3.0   # 1.0        # 3.0        # not define\n",
    "swap = x  # 1.0        # 3.0        # 1.0\n",
    "x = y     # 3.0        # 3.0        # 1.0\n",
    "y = swap  # 3.0        # 1.0        # 1.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "0901cbd6-2012-4035-a33b-b8d7d0562165",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What is the final value of position in the program below?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "acac449d-98fa-499a-b9d9-b785ce8e82a9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "initial = 'left'\n",
    "position = initial\n",
    "initial = 'right'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "47ff13d1-56e3-488f-bb50-3ed27df80eb1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "put in final value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "5a44f7aa-9a69-4ade-be0b-14d8ce0bab0f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = '123'\n",
    "print(a[1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "2e7e1ae0-ca30-46f6-b947-8196d082ce74",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "atom_name[1:3] is: ar\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "atom_name = 'carbon'\n",
    "print('atom_name[1:3] is:', atom_name[1:3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "05ef371e-eed0-4a12-bf22-c4f783289e06",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Start of Data Types and Type Conversion"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "11213178-a45d-4211-9683-826b2bd291e7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(52))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "abf8398c-b9d5-490a-bdc9-a779a6643cdd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fitness = 'average'\n",
    "print(type(fitness))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "4b539bf8-66da-492e-a68c-494950f3b04b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(5-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "4f989b7a-7638-49ff-b4dd-9684c3310bff",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_297/13340790.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'hello'\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'h'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('hello' - 'h')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "0f9b624d-9354-41a5-8b0d-9d26036d6969",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ahmed Walsh\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "full_name = 'Ahmed' + ' ' + 'Walsh'\n",
    "print(full_name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "905c0d24-72ad-468b-a51b-6b67f4f0d946",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "==========\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "separator = '=' * 10\n",
    "print(separator)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "543fe92a-764d-4c30-a840-d92993f7be4e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(len(full_name))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "80393769-e3c5-4ded-9b8f-100b3095a547",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_297/3905401405.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'2'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1 + '2')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "e2168d46-2900-4d5f-a82a-b029b3ec461e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('1' + '2')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "ce2e0c66-9039-4a21-b86f-f8a8d15dd7a4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1+2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "477cbbe2-d375-4468-8dc9-9ac68c302828",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "half is 0.5\n",
      "three squared is  9.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('half is', 1 / 2.0)\n",
    "print('three squared is ', 3.0 ** 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "e12299cd-c9e5-4482-913b-15c1b5d1970f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "first is 2  and second is 5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "first = 1\n",
    "second = 5 * first\n",
    "first = 2\n",
    "print('first is', first,' and second is',second)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "2172eb13-f881-4632-9a0a-a83fabd5e47b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What type of values is 3.4? How can you find out?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "40df3e9f-6669-462d-9c12-4af033750b9d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "3.4 is type ???"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "f8087ade-321f-4754-9c33-59e80940d47d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'float'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(3.4))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "68983c04-158e-4a30-92c4-060ea90212c6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "1. Number of day since the start of the year.\n",
    "2. Time elasped from the start of the year until now in days.\n",
    "3. Serial number of a piece of lab equipment.\n",
    "4. A lab specimen's age?\n",
    "5. Current population of a city?\n",
    "6. Average population of a city over time?\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "e4d08f93-f75f-415d-8154-dc14264e74ef",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5 // 3: 1\n",
      "5 / 3: 1.6666666666666667\n",
      "5 % 3: 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('5 // 3:', 5 //3)\n",
    "print('5 / 3:' , 5 / 3)\n",
    "print('5 % 3:' , 5 % 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "3636a5b7-3704-4804-812a-23599931c9e3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If num_subject is the number of subjects taking part in a study, and num_per_survey is the number that can take part in a single survey, write an expession that calculates the number of surveys needed to rach everyone once."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "a02cf529-973d-428c-9834-6b77db5ee70e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "588 subjects, 42 per survey: 14\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_subjects = 588\n",
    "num_per_survey = 42\n",
    "num_surveys = (num_subjects -1 ) // num_per_survey + 1\n",
    "print(num_subjects, 'subjects,',num_per_survey,'per survey:',num_surveys)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "4e04e34d-ca86-41fc-865c-4219062588fd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "14.285714285714286\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(600/42)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "e3bd0d1f-8b5b-4562-9437-ab2b8555010f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "588\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(14*42)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "8a8403f8-0158-460d-961b-5d05483b0784",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "string to float: 3.4\n",
      "float to int: 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"string to float:\",float(\"3.4\"))\n",
    "print(\"float to int:\",int(3.4))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "20a2a617-c85c-402a-9b0d-4c46021e3854",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "could not convert string to float: 'Hello world!'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_297/2192291161.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"string to float:\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfloat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Hello world!\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: could not convert string to float: 'Hello world!'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"string to float:\", float(\"Hello world!\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "192dbb98-8785-4157-ae01-4b66f045bcfc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.4'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/tmp/ipykernel_297/2003631168.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"fractional string to int:\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"3.4\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.4'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"fractional string to int:\", int(\"3.4\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "01f1aa6a-c1be-4094-9e30-a9e1728691a1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(int(round((float(\"3.9\")))))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6991f2ca-20fe-4c3a-ac5e-67e93e75be98",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Which of the following will return the floating point number of 2.0?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "ae405f43-81c0-4b6f-85b9-2a7541403dbe",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "first = 1.0\n",
    "second = \"1\"\n",
    "third = \"1.1\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "7f0b4113-d0a4-4b85-91b1-e99ae4149bf1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "1. first + float(second)\n",
    "2. float(second) + float(third)\n",
    "3. first + int(third)\n",
    "4. first + int(float(third))\n",
    "5. int(first) + int(float(third))\n",
    "6. 2.0 * second"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "d78735dd-4dc2-49b8-a8b2-9f8b13629c8f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "6.0\n",
      "2.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "complex = 6 + 2j\n",
    "print(complex.real)\n",
    "print(complex.imag)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "3a5aa715-91c0-4876-bd82-7b3235a46960",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "what do you expect 1+2j + 3 to procude?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "e16a1442-8b7d-4d7c-8aa8-7c5ea61f6512",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(4+2j)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1 + 2j +3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "id": "cbbc4bf4-e700-4ac1-9067-4fb6a9866cc0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "What do you expct for 4j, 4 j or 4 + j?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "17734b43-4ca4-4bf3-a870-5265d25b016c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (1478133240.py, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;36m  File \u001b[0;32m\"/tmp/ipykernel_297/1478133240.py\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m    print(1 + 4 j)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m                ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1 + 4 j)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ecc871a7-6df8-4dba-90cf-cc73d6d2cb9f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "edba1716-b6d5-45a0-ad69-85523bc83f36",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.9.6"
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 },
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